Informatics Publishing Limited

V. Anand ¹, N. Sairam ¹

Affiliations
1 School of Computing, SASTRA University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur - 613401, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

The objective of this review article is to offer an insight into the performance issues pertinent to routing in Mobile Ad hoc Networks. This work has studied the approaches for solving the performance issues such as changes in topology, energy consumption of mobile nodes, delay, routing overhead, message delivery time, throughput, packet delivery ratio, security of networks and mobility management. To provide a perception of solutions for these issues, this study concentrates on various methodologies such as Effective Hierarchical Routing Algorithm, Link Stability with Energy Aware Multipath Routing protocol, Path Encounter Rate metric and Trust-based Source Routing protocol. Effective Hierarchical Routing Algorithm computes the route and has decreased the load of routing protocols. Link Stability with Energy Aware Multipath Routing protocol finds routes with small delay. Delivery ratio of packet in LSEA is improved on par with Ad hoc On-demand Distance Vector Routing (AODV). Delivery ratio of packets in LSEA was enhanced by 40%. To get an efficient metric for routing in high mobility situations, Path Encounter Rate metric was proposed. Throughput achieved with this metric was 30% higher than those obtained by the hop-count metric. To choose a least-cost route with security constraints, TSR was proposed. TSR has improved the packet delivery ratio, ratio of identifying the malicious nodes as well as network throughput. This review of different methods can be used by researchers to find a better solution to these issues.

Keywords

Delay, Multi Point Relays, Node Mobility, Reliability, Routing, Topology

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Arun Vadavi ¹, Vinod Kumar Bhargava ², Ashok Jhingan ³, C. R. Anand Moses ⁴, Partha Sarathi Mandal ⁵, Gunjan Lath ⁶, V. Anand ⁶, Sameer Rao ⁶

Affiliations
1 Sudha The Prevention Centre, No.572, 2nd Main, 6th Block, 2nd Phase, Hoskerahalli Cross, Banashankari 3rd Stage, Bangalore, IN
2 Apollo Hospital, Jubilee Hills, Hyderabad, IN
3 Diabetes Education and Research Foundation, J-136, Rajouri Garden, Delhi, IN
4 Moses Diabetes Centre, Department of Diabetology, Chennai, IN
5 AMRI hospital, Salt Lake, Kolkata, IN
6 Department of Scientific and Medical Affairs, Abbott Nutrition International, Mumbai, IN

Abstract

Poor glycemic control in diabetes patients is a major hurdle in the management of disease and its associated comorbidities. Pharmacotherapy alone is not sufficient to curb the risk of associated complications. The role of nutrition along with physical exercise in achieving optimal glycemic con-trol is overlooked for many years in India. Nowadays, medical nutrition therapy (MNT) has evolved as an integral therapy in achieving better gly-cemic control. However, there is a lack of uniformity in health care practitioner’s perception and lack of recommendations in a structured manner regard-ing its use. Through a series of regional advisory board meeting, insights were gained into current practices in diabetes management to uncover the gaps in nutrition for better patient outcomes, and understand patient knowledge, attitude and perceptions towards nutrition in general and diabetes-specific formulas (DSF) in particular. The key viewpoints were as follows: i) Good self-care practice and creating awareness inpatients about glycemic variations is important. ii) Experts highlighted the importance of referring patients to a clinical nutritionist or dietician. Patients should be introduced to diabetic educators and education through charts regarding different foods with low glycemic index is advised. iii) Portion in patients diet plan as a partial if not full meal replacement. Diabetes-specific formulas should be palatable and affordable to ensure patients compliance. These formulas can be taken in combination with meals in proportionate amounts. v) Diabetes-specific nutrition improves multiple health outcomes and the mindset of Indian patients towards nutritious food needs to be changed.

Keywords

Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetes Management, Medical Nutrition Therapy, Lifestyle Intervention, Diabetes Nutrition.

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D. Anandan ¹, V. Anand ², R. Arunachalam ², B. Arun ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Physiotherapy, Madhav University, Rajasthan, PGP College of Physiotherapy, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Department of Physiotherapy, Madhav University, Rajasthan, IN
3 Department of Physiotherapy, Government District Headquarters Hospital, Erode, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a rare genetic disorder that affects about 0.8 million Indian children. The incidence rate of 1:3500 male births is the most common form of all muscular dystrophies. Covid-19 pandemic cause profound devastation to the lives of DMD children. The muscles are weaker in DMD, and the children are more prone to lung infections. Coronavirus (COVID-19) is a severe lung infection that disturbs the entire function of the World. DMD already has weakness in major muscles, including the respiratory. So, the study aims to identify the effect of low-intensity aerobic exercises in children with DMD. This is a home-based pilot study with 11 DMD children and wheelchair dependent since, for ten years, they have been on continuous rehabilitation and monitoring. When the pandemic was declared in India in March 2020, all children were given clear notes on the disease and its severity to the parents. Self-created quarantine exercise protocol, which includes Limb exercises, breathing exercises, trunk mobility exercises, and positioning, was taught along with a logbook given to all the children. Video calls, and WhatsApp videos, were used to monitor them regularly. The physiotherapist made a personal visit in June 2020 to review the exercises, and subsequently on Aug 20, Oct 20, Dec 20, Feb 21, and May 21. Observations are detailed here. The infection rate was 3 out of 9, and they got admitted to the hospital for other illnesses. All the children noted Flu infection but recovered within ten days without hospitalization. The parents monitored their SPo2 and temperature and updated them in the logbook. A lung function test was done using a handheld incentive spirometer during the personnel visit by the therapist and found satisfactory. The study concluded a significant improvement in the DMD children following low-intensity and quarantine exercises.

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